Descriptions

Ej is a four year old boy with autism. He speaks in jargon. He can use some language to communicate and understand some spoken language. He sings a lot. Sometimes he expresses some things by singing.

EJ can scribble. His hand preference is yet to be determined since he uses both hands in scribbling.

EJ is typically impulsive and hyperactive. His attention span is poor as he is easily distracted by various stimuli around him.

 

SHAUN

Shaun is talkative. He has some problems in oral expressions particularly with words that start with letter F,G, N,G,S among others.

He has langauage-based problems which means it can have both verbal and non-verbal language plus the written langauage.

 

ANDREI

Andrei has impulsive and hyperative behaviors. He is cooperative when there is playful environment. If he is in a school set-up of books and papers with pencils. He would decline the tasks.

 

 

Observational Child Study 1

Anecdotal records are brief narrative accounts describing an incident of the child behavior that is important to the observer.

Anecdotes describe what happened in a factual objective manner telling how it happened when and where it happened and what was said and done.

Anecdotal records are written after the incident has occured, by someone who has witness it informally rather than during its occurence.

Anecdotal records are cumulative

An advantage of anecdotal recording is that an observer needs no special training to record.

RUNNING RECORDS

Running record is a detailed narrative account of beahvior recorded in sequential manner as it happens.

In running record, the observer sits or stands apart from the children and writes down everything that occurs to a particular child over a specified period.

The difference between an anecdotal record and a running record

runing record includes all behavior and not just selected incidents

running record is written as the behavior occurs

anecdotal record is written after the behavior occurs

anecdotal record selects incidents

An advantage of running record:

rich, complete record / open-ended / accurate /

disadvantage

time-consuming/ difficult to record everything / difficult with groups / observing must be of some distance

TIME SAMPLING

The observer records the frequency of a behavior’s occurence over time. The behavior must be overt and frequent to be a candidate for sampling.

The time needed for a behavior to be a candidate for sampling – at least once every 15 minutes

In time sampling, an observer simply records “1” after the interval if the behavior occurs and ___ if it does not — “0”

Duration recording indicates the presence or absence of a behavior while _______ shows the frequency of the behavior . \\\ event recording ,—- anecdotal recording, running record\\

 

Event sampling

The observer waits for and then record a specific preselected behavior.

USES

study the conditions under which a particular behavior occur

study the frequency of the behavior

what triggers the behavior

Event —or “unit of behavior”

The so-called ABS analysis is broken down into three parts, the A which stands for Antecedent, B is for behavior and C is ____.

An advantage of event sampling

kkeps the behavior intact\ more objective/ helpful in examining rarely occuring behaviors//disadvantage: closed method

 

Rating sclaes are observation tools that indicate the degree to which a person possesses a certain trait or behavior. Each behavior is rated on a continuum from the lowest to the highest level and is marked off at certain points along the scale.

Graphic Scale — horizontal or vertical drawing

Numerical scale-  also represented by words

Semantic differential – Osgood scale

The purpose of anecdotal recording is to detail specific behavior for child’s record. //wrong

To judge degree to which child behaves or possesses certain traits and to diagnoses behavior or traits.

Introduction to Special Education

The components of the special education program included legislation, teacher training, census of exceptional children and youth in schools and the community, the integration of children with disabilities in regular classes, rehabilitation of residential and special schools and materials production.

In the population of 80 million Filipinos in 1997, more than eight and a half million have disabilities. Speech Defects, Mute, Mental Retardation, Without one or both arms or hands, Without one or both legs or feet, Mental Illness, Deaf, Blind.

Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a particular conditi0n, those with exceptionality and developmental disabilities. Identifiable prevalence refers to the cases that have come in contact with some systems.

The number of children of children and youth with special needs who are in school or in the community who have not been identified as such and are not in the special education programs of the Department of Education.

R.A.7277. The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons provides for the rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into mainstream society.

The goal of the special education programs of the Department of Education all over the country is to provide children with special needs appropriate educational services within the mainstream of basic education.

Special education aims to provide support services, vocational programs and work training, employment opportunities for efficient community participation and independent living.

Th policy on Inclusive Education for All is adopted in the Philippines to accelerate access to education among children and youth with special needs.

Mr. Fred Atkinson was the General Superintendent of Education during the American regime who had been instrumental in the development of special education programs.

The special education center is a service delivery system which operates on the school within a school concept.

 

Special class or self-contained class is the most popular type among the special education programs. It is composed of pupils with the same exceptionality or disability.

 

Partial mainstreaming : Physical Education, Home Technology

 

Full mainstreaming, children with disabilities are enrolled in regular classes and recite in all subjects.

 

The special day school serves one or more types of disabilities.

 

The residential school provides both special education and dormitory services for its students.

 

Inclusion describes the process by which a school accepts children with special needs for enrollment in regular classes where they can learn side by side with their peers.

 

Inclusion means implementing and maintaining warm and accepting classroom communities that embrace and respect diversity or differences.

 

Prompts can be verbal, visual or physical.

 

Blind- braille slate and stylus

Low Vision- Large print books

Deaf- Wall mirror

Physical Disabilities- splints

Handicap refers to a problem or disadvantage a person with a disability encounters when interacting with the environment.

Intervention prevents eliminates the obstacles that might keep an individual with disabilties from learning, from active participation in school activities.

Primary prevention is designed to eliminate factors so that a disability is not acquired.

Remedial intervention attempts to eliminate the effects of a disability

At risk refers to children who have greater chances than other children to develop a disability.

Established risk – down syndrome

Environmental risk- child abuse

biological risk- premature

Giftedness – creativity

mental retardation- subaverage intelligence

dyslexia- read

health impairment- chronic illness

Magna Carta

Public law 94-142 – IDEA

The major provision of IDEA states that all children with disabilties who are between the ages of 3 to 21, regardless of the tupe or severity of their disabilities shall receive a free, appropriate public education.

It is necessary to use workable disability category labels in order to describe the exceptional learning needs for a systematic provision of special education services.

Labeling helps professionals communicate with one another and classify and assess research findings.

Labels may lead pee4rs to reject or ridicule the labeled child.

 

 

 

Introduction to Special Education

Welcome to WordPress.com. This is your firssdsst post. Edit or delete it and start blogging!